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Episode 125: $7 bills
Published 28th February, 2025
Hannah Crosbie, Katie Steckles and Geoff Marshall face questions about paper profits, moving markers and secondary splits.
HOST: Tom Scott. QUESTION PRODUCER: David Bodycombe. EDITED BY: Julie Hassett at The Podcast Studios, Dublin. MUSIC: Karl-Ola Kjellholm ('Private Detective'/'Agrumes'), The Fly Guy Five ('Another Pineapple Please'), courtesy of epidemicsound.com. ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: Ingmar, Jordan Elder, Katherine Q., Joseph Robidoux, Ólafur Waage, Bob Weisz, Ryan. FORMAT: Pad 26 Limited/Labyrinth Games Ltd. EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: David Bodycombe and Tom Scott.
Transcript
Transcription by Caption+
Tom:
In which two different games can you hit a 7-10 split?
The answer to that at the end of the show. My name's Tom Scott, and this is Lateral.
Welcome to today's show, whether you're listening or watching. That's right, at the time of recording, you can now watch full episodes of Lateral on Spotify.
We realise that some of you may not think that's a benefit, when Lateral is just talking heads.
So to tempt people into making the switch, or at least trying it, for video only, here's a picture of the producer's dog.
SFX:
♫ (lounge music)
Tom:
And if a Bichon Frisé won't change your mind, nothing will.
First today, we have a new player to Lateral. We have wine columnist for The Guardian and broadcaster Hannah Crosbie. Welcome to the show.
Hannah:
Hel​lo, thank you so much for having me.
Tom:
This is your first time here. You have been a listener for a while, I think?
Hannah:
I have been a listener for a while. When I first discovered this podcast, I think I binged maybe about 10 in a day.
Tom:
(laughs softly)
Hannah:
I was like, where has this been my whole life?
Tom:
I feel like I should apologise for that somehow.
Hannah:
(giggles) No, it's fine. It was a day very well spent. To be honest, I'm just very surprised you got back to me.
Tom:
(chuckles) You are currently in South Africa?
Hannah:
I am. The rumours are true. Yeah, I'm very lucky to do this for work. I have a very beautiful view right now. Including you guys, obviously. But the view is also great.
Tom:
Thank you, appreciated. I'm assuming it's wine tasting.
Hannah:
It'​s wine tasting today. Well, I'm currently in the guest houses of Graham Beck. So we've been tasting a lot of sparkling wine today.
So the enamel on my teeth is really, really suffering at the moment, so I might come back with... Yeah, enjoy it while it lasts.
That's another reason to watch. You can look at my teeth as they stand now, before they erode away.
Tom:
Well, very best of luck to you and your teeth on this show.
You are joined by two returning players. First, from his own YouTube channel about transport, trains, and travel:
Geoff Marshall, welcome back.
Geoff:
Hey Tom, good afternoon. Nice to be here again.
Tom:
I appreciate the Lateral roundel in the back of shot. You can change the letters out, right?
Geoff:
Yeah​, well, I just— I cut a template. It comes with a slidable plastic thing, and I thought I can just cut my own paper ones to shape.
So if you'd like me to customise a name or something funny, I can do that. That's fine.
Tom:
That's​ appreciated.
What are you working on at the minute?
Geoff:
I was travelling on a bus in Oxford last week, making a little sort of documentary for them. 20-minute documentary, just highlighting an Oxford bus coach service. I like to travel around, as you are aware.
Tom:
You seem to be going more into big projects and filmmaking than vlogging as such at the minute.
Geoff:
It's​ 'cause I'm getting old, Tom. Thanks for highlighting that.
SFX:
(Tom and Hannah laugh)
Geoff:
Yeah​, no, no.
Tom:
We went to the pub with a few folks the other week.
Geoff:
We did, yeah.
Tom:
It's now the point where half of our conversation is about medical stuff, because we're that age. That's not a joke, it just happens.
Geoff:
Yeah​, but with my ageing and maturity, I do find I'm getting away from... You know, I'm not a 20-year-old vlogger anymore. I kinda hate that expression. So I'm calling myself a transport documentarian.
Tom:
That wasn't a word when we were 20, Geoff.
Geoff:
I know, right? I know, I know. I like being called a filmmaker, because it's more befitting a man of my age. I think that's fair.
Tom:
Well, good luck with the show today.
We are joined by someone who, when I asked what description that she wanted, just said, "Mathematician".
So please welcome, mathematician Katie Steckles!
Katie:
Hell​o. (snickers)
Tom:
Althou​gh, you said the Finite Group was in there as well. I don't think we've mentioned that before.
Katie:
Yeah​, this is one of my projects that started in the last year or so.
But yeah, we're a community of maths people, and we just do live streams once a month, and just hang out in Discord the rest of the time, and it's quite good fun.
Tom:
How are you feeling, coming back to the show as a returning player?
Katie:
Good​. It's always a fun time... (cracks up) I would like to say.
Tom:
(chuckles)
Katie:
Ther​e is struggle, but it's— you feel supported, so it's fun.
Tom:
I mean, what more can you ask for in life?
Katie:
Yeah​.
Tom:
Very best of luck to all three of you.
Well, with the producer's Bichon Frisé sniffing 'round his legs, it's good to shake a paw with you all. Let us, lie down, stay, and roll over to question one.
Thank you to Ólafur Waage and Mike Salter for both sending in this question.
In 2017, why did Fiji begin to circulate a $7 bank note?
I'll say that again.
In 2017, why did Fiji begin to circulate a $7 bank note?
Geoff:
My initial thought goes to the fact that you can get fake euro notes, which are sort of for their collectible tourist thing. So was it a tourist collectible note for some reason?
Tom:
No, and I think those notes, I saw one the other week, they're deliberately zero euros, just so they can never be called to have financial fraud or anything like that.
Geoff:
So this was a genuine $7 note.
Tom:
This was a legal tender $7 note.
Katie:
Mm.
Geoff:
Wow.
Katie:
I almost wonder if there's something that people frequently had to buy that cost seven dollars, and everyone's getting fed up of giving $3 in change if you paid with a $10 note.
So, you know, they thought it was easier to just have a note that costs that. But I can't think what it would be that's exactly seven dollars.
Hannah:
Is there a cable car? (laughs) No, no, not maybe.
Geoff:
But did you know when in Japan, when the original Space Invaders arcade machine came out, back in the '70s, they ran out of 10 yen pieces, because so many people were putting them into arcade machines. And so, the Japanese Mint had to make a million extra 10 yen pieces.
So yeah, is there something that is costing seven... What was it again, seven Fijian...
Tom:
Seven dollars.
Geoff:
What​ costs seven dollars that everybody is spending?
Katie:
I mean, I guess the question is how much is seven Fijian dollars worth? In a currency that I have a handle on?
Geoff:
Has anybody been to Fiji? (wheezes)
Hannah:
No,​ clearly not.
Geoff:
Do they not do wine in Fiji, Hannah? Is that not a thing?
Hannah:
Loo​k, they do wine in pretty much every country in the world. But I've never come across it. And it certainly wouldn't be seven dollars.
Tom:
That would work out to about three US dollars. So it's the kind of amount you'd have a small note for.
Hannah:
I'm​ wondering, is it something that's standardised nationally, like a bus ticket or something like that?
Geoff:
I was going to say bus or train ticket. I'm such a nerd, yeah.
Katie:
I feel like with Geoff here, it being a transport thing would be quite apt for him, yeah.
Geoff:
That​'s exactly what I was thinking.
Hannah:
I can't believe it took you so long, Geoff.
Geoff:
I was thinking, I just didn't want to— I didn't want to be first to say it.
SFX:
(guests giggling)
Tom:
There is a connection between the country and the number here.
Geoff:
Is seven a lucky number, or an unlucky number?
Katie:
Yeah​, it's lucky in some cultures, yeah.
Geoff:
Is it a, you know, one of those, "Oh, we must have seven somethings"?
Hannah:
Isâ​€” How many points is the word 'Fiji' on a Scrabble board?
Tom:
Oh! It's— I don't think it's—
Katie:
I mean, J's gotta be ten, right?
Tom:
Yeah, that J's gotta be worth a lot.
Geoff:
F is four and J is eight. So that's—
Tom:
But you have absolutely worked out how this game works, Hannah. That is a very good play for a first time player.
SFX:
(Hannah and Geoff laugh)
Tom:
And honestly, just kind of conceptually, starting to get just vaguely closer there. But very, very vaguely.
Hannah:
Ver​y vaguely.
Katie:
I mean, was it to celebrate 700 years of something, or seven...
Tom:
It was to celebrate something. This is one of those notes that is legal tender... but is probably not going to be found in too many actual transactions.
Katie:
Yeah​, like when you get the £5 coin.
Geoff:
Yeah​.
Tom:
Yes.
Geoff:
Was it a £5 or £2 coin that we had that was really rare? Was it a £5 coin, Katie?
Katie:
I think there was a five.
Tom:
There is a five. The £2 coin also briefly started to become rare after it came out, because people thought that the early ones were going to be collector's items. They weren't. The Royal Mint had made a staggering number of them. But enough people kept them that it started to cause a problem.
This is collector's items.
Geoff:
It was something like, it was 100 years of— they were celebrating 100 years of something, and there were seven people in the Fijian government or something, and so seven pictures appeared on the note.
Tom:
There'​s seven people in something, yes.
Geoff:
Ooh,​ ooh, ooh.
Katie:
Was it S Club 7?
SFX:
(Tom and Geoff laugh uproariously)
Hannah:
I never knew that origin story, but I believe you.
SFX:
(laughter continues)
Hannah:
Sev​en. Are there seven— Is it to do with sport? I'm thinking of seven members on a team of something.
Tom:
Keep going, Hannah.
Hannah:
Oh no, that's about as far as I can get.
Tom:
Oh yeah, no, hang on. We're asking a mathematician, a transport nerd, and a wine expert a sports question.
Geoff:
Abou​t sport.
Tom:
Mm, okay.
Geoff:
But that's not like rugby or soccer. It's got to be like volleyball or netball.
Tom:
Geoff,​ what's the sport that's connected with Fiji, out of those you just said?
Geoff:
What​, no, rugby?
Tom:
Rugby.
Geoff:
Ther​e aren't seven players on a rugby team, are there?
Katie:
Rugb​y sevens.
Tom:
Rugby sevens. You've got it, Katie. So, the last connection is, why was this in 2017?
Katie:
Did they win a thing?
Tom:
Yeah.
Katie:
I have to be honest, I don't follow rugby sevens.
Geoff:
No.
SFX:
(Tom and Geoff wheeze)
Katie:
As closely as I follow any other sport.
Tom:
What happened the year before, 2016?
Geoff:
So, 2016 was a busy year, Tom.
Hannah:
Som​e kind of Olympics?
Tom:
Yeah, Hannah's got it. The 2016 Olympics.
So, this is— I think you have all the pieces now, and it's a sports question, so I will connect them for you.
This was to commemorate the Fijian rugby sevens team having their first ever gold medal. And not just the team's first ever gold medal, the country's first ever gold medal.
Geoff:
Nice​.
Tom:
It was the first time that any sports team or person had brought home a gold medal for Fiji.
And the way they commemorated that was their own $7 bank note. They didn't just put them on a bank note. They put them on a bank note that had never been made before.
Geoff:
Nice​.
Hannah:
I'm​ so proud of them. That's beautiful.
Geoff:
Are they still in circulation today, or have they become collector's items?
Tom:
I think they were just one-off collector's items.
But the coach, who was British-born, Ben Ryan, also got his own 50-cent coin. So that will probably still be in circulation somewhere.
Geoff:
Nice​.
Katie:
Wow.
Hannah:
Nic​e.
Katie:
I mean, we did the gold postboxes thing, right? That was...
Tom:
We did! There's still one of those in London. There's still one of those in a few other cities.
If you won a gold medal for Britain in 2012, a post box near your hometown got painted gold instead of red, and they keep that up to this day.
Katie, it is over to you for the next question.
Katie:
Okay​, so this question has been sent in by Jordan Elder.
In November 2021, Graham put up a display of both Adele's and Ed Sheeran's solo albums in his vinyl records shop. Each artist's work was displayed in order of release. Why do collectors find this incredibly satisfying?
So I'll read that again.
In November 2021, Graham – you know Graham – put up a display of both Adele's and Ed Sheeran's solo albums in his vinyl records shop. Each artist's work was displayed in order of release. Why do collectors find this incredibly satisfying?
Hannah:
Tha​t's classic Graham.
Katie:
I know, right? He's always doing stuff like this.
Tom:
I think, well, I think I might have—
Geoff:
I have a very good guess straight away.
Tom:
I've got a guess of the start of this, but I don't know what the satisfying part is.
Geoff:
Well​, Adele's albums are all numbered. Because they're like 19, 21.
And Ed Sheeran's are all like, are all mathematical symbols.
So it's got to be a maths thing, right? Where it— Where the albums line up to form a calculation or something. And that's probably wrong. Is it right?
Tom:
I was figuring they were lining up to a calculation, but that doesn't count as satisfying. Unless the equation actually adds up.
Hannah:
Equ​als...
Geoff:
(wheezes)
Katie:
Well​.
Geoff:
Kati​e's just looking at us like...
Katie:
Yeah​, to clarify, up to this point, they'd both done four albums.
Geoff:
So, Adele's albums were definitely, she had a 19 and a 21. Has she had a 24 and a 28 since, or something?
Tom:
Those were her ages when they came out, right?
Geoff:
Yeah​, yeah. And Ed Sheeran has definitely had plus, divide... I think he's had a cross, a multiply. It's gotta be— It's a math— It's Katie's question. It's a math thing, it's gotta be.
SFX:
(Tom and Hannah chuckle)
Geoff:
It's​ gotta be.
Tom:
Okay, does anyone know Ed Sheeran's albums in order?
Geoff:
No.
SFX:
(Tom and Geoff laugh)
Hannah:
Plu​s is first, that's the— 'Cause they're all colour coordinated as well. So orange is Plus, Divide is blue... Multiply is green...? No one's stopping me, so I'm assuming these are right, but they're probably not.
SFX:
(Tom and Geoff laugh)
Geoff:
You'​re saying it with so much confidence, Hannah. We're just like, yeah, you got it.
Katie:
I can confirm those colours are correct. I'm not going to say whether the order is correct.
Hannah:
Oh my god.
Tom:
Does anyone know Adele's numbers for her albums?
Katie:
Can you remember how old Adele was in each year that she released an album?
Geoff:
I'm fairly sure 18 was one, and 21 was another, but that's it.
Tom:
But that doesn't explain why it's particularly satisfying, because if we've got... Wait, is Ed Sheeran's fourth album Equals?
Katie:
It is.
Hannah:
Oh.
Geoff:
So, it's something plus something, minus something, plus something, equals, and then...
Hannah:
The​ correct answer.
Tom:
That's​ not a complete equation. If we've got four numbers...
Geoff:
So, but...
Tom:
Three operators, and an equals, we're missing the thing at the end.
Geoff:
But Katie did say it was November 21. Did it equal 2021?
Katie:
it did not equal 2021.
Tom:
Oh, that was such a good guess! That was so good!
Geoff:
Damm​it. (chuckles)
Katie:
I mean, would you like me to confirm what the albums were?
Geoff:
Sorr​y, Katie, is the date relevant? Because you've said November 21, which would be 11/21. Is the date relevant?
Katie:
It was— I think the date is relevant, in the sense that by that point, they each had four albums.
Tom:
Alrigh​t.
Hannah:
Oka​y.
Geoff:
Was it the number of Graham's shop, whoever Graham is? (chuckles) Or his age, or something pertaining to Graham?
Katie:
I'm gonna say it was not unrelated to Graham's shop, but it wasn't a specific thing about Graham's shop. It wasn't kind of a local fact.
Geoff:
Are there any shops which have numbers in their name? So it was the name of the shop, somehow, and the name of the shop was a number?
Hannah:
Ooh​! Is— Oh, sorry. I'm just thinking... This is probably completely wrong, but I'm gonna go for it anyway.
Tom:
(laughs) That's what this show's about!
Hannah:
Tha​t's what it's all about, baby! Is it... I'm thinking of the shops HMV as Roman numerals, and maybe it's like an enormous— No.
Geoff:
That​'s good!
Tom:
Oh, that's really good.
Geoff:
But H isn't—
Tom:
H isn't.
Hannah:
But​ H is like a million, zillion... Yeah, I don't know.
Katie:
Well​, it's not one of the standard Roman numerals. It might be a medieval Roman numeral, 'cause they've got all sorts in there, but the standard Roman numerals don't include H as far as I know.
Geoff:
Oh, that would have been so good!
Tom:
I'm writing Roman numerals down to see if I can make a word about music in there. And I have— I've got some of the letters, but not all of the letters. I can make the word mild... and civil... and not much else off the top of my head.
Katie:
So Adele's albums are all kind of realistic ages for a human.
Tom:
Yes.
Katie:
So they're all in that kind of area. And off the Ed Sheeran albums, you've got a plus and a times and a divide. So the number isn't going to get that big.
Tom:
That's​ fair. Because those two aren't gonna— They're not gonna cancel each other out, but it's gonna come close to it. You are multiplying by a number, and then dividing by a very similar number. Which have to have some sort of factor in common, because it's not gonna come out with some ridiculous fraction. So if it's something like...
Geoff:
Was it pi?
SFX:
(Tom and Geoff laugh)
Katie:
(snickers) That would have been incredible.
Geoff:
(laughs)
Hannah:
Mm.​ (laughs)
Tom:
Let's assume that her first albums are something like... 19 and 21. That's going to make 40, which is a number you can get a lot of things out of.
Geoff:
Time​s something.
Katie:
Okay​.
Tom:
Then you're going to multiply that by a number, and then divide it by a larger number, if that's the order those albums are in.
Katie:
Yep.
Tom:
So you're going to end up with... something like 25, 30, 32, some... I can't see any way to get any number out that isn't in the mid 30s.
Geoff:
What​'s 19 plus 21, Tom? 40. Multiply it by— what's 4 times 25? Let's do 40 times 25.
Tom:
Well, it doesn't matter, because it's just got to be some factor in— The maths nerds are on this, alright? We've got this.
Hannah:
Yea​h, yeah, yeah, yeah. People are yelling at their phones right now.
Geoff:
And then you divide it, and it turns out to be a prime number, or it comes out to some amazing mathematical number. Is it a prime number?
Tom:
But the question was, why was this satisfying?
There's got to be a number. It's got to be a little bit less than 40, I think.
Katie:
You'​re in the right area.
Hannah:
Is it something to do with either of the artists, Katie?
Katie:
Not specifically. I will say it was a number that was satisfying for Graham. And Graham is not a mathematician, but Graham is the owner of a record shop.
Hannah:
Oh.​.. different vinyl... How are the different vinyl lengths? If they're all kind of like vinyls... what's the different inches? No, not a 40 inch. Not a 40 inch vinyl.
Tom:
Oh, but I'd love to see a 40 inch vinyl. How fast would the outside of that be going?
Hannah:
Yea​h.
SFX:
(Hannah and Katie wheeze)
Geoff:
Yeah​, did it come out— Hang on, hang on. Did it equate to 33 or 45, which is the revolutions per minute of a vinyl record?
Tom:
Is it Graham's birthday?
Katie:
(laughs)
Tom:
Is he— Has he just turned 35, and he's worked out that he can put all this up in the record shop he owns? That's, instead of Happy Birthday on bunting, it's got that.
Hannah:
Mhm​.
Katie:
It's​ not Graham's birthday. I'm gonna go back to what Geoff just said.
Geoff:
Yes!
Katie:
So, the RPM of a vinyl record.
Geoff:
Well​, an LP, a 12 inch LP traditionally plays at 33 RPM. A 7-inch single plays at 45.
So I'm going for 33. So is it something to do with 33?
Katie:
It's​ not exactly 33.
Tom:
Is it 33 â…“?
Katie:
It is.
Hannah:
Wow​.
Katie:
Yeah​.
Tom:
That is the old... That's the revolutions per minute of a vinyl record. Of a long play vinyl record.
Katie:
Yeah​.
Tom:
It's not a th— It's marked as 33, but it's 33 and a third.
Geoff:
Is it really 33 â…“?
Tom:
Yeah.
Geoff:
What​? How am I so old and I don't know that?
SFX:
(Tom and Hannah laugh)
Katie:
So this is an absolutely incredible fact that I guess no one could have predicted, because Adele was literally just naming the albums after her age at the time. And Ed Sheeran was doing something, I don't know what. But as a mathematician, I'm very happy.
SFX:
(guessers laughing)
Katie:
And yeah, this is the thing. So the albums were 19, 21, 25, and 30.
So your attempt at doing 40 times 25 was definitely in the right direction. If you'd pushed through with that, you might have got— But I think Tom was in the right area with something between 30 and 40.
Tom:
Yeah, I'm sorry I cut you off there, Geoff.
That would have been spot on, because that would've been 1,000 divided by 30, which would've been the absolute correct number. I just assumed it was going to be a whole number.
Katie:
Yeah​.
And the solo albums were +, x, ÷, and = for Ed Sheeran. And if you do 19 plus 21 times 25 divided by 30, you... And you have to ignore kind of conventions about order of operations. You just literally go from left to right. You end up with 33 ⅓, which is the number of revolutions per minute for a vinyl record.
Geoff:
Wow.
Hannah:
Oh,​ brilliant. Thanks, Katie.
Geoff:
That​'s amazing.
Tom:
That's​ lovely.
Katie:
I've​ got to say, top work on Graham for spotting this and being like, "Right, those are going up in the window, done."
Geoff:
That​'s my favourite Lateral question ever. That's fantastic. That's genius!
Tom:
We all thought as soon as that question appeared. "Oh, we know this." We didn't know that.
SFX:
(Hannah and Geoff laugh)
Katie:
You did not. It's so good, isn't it?
Hannah:
Oh,​ the hubris, man. Yeah, it'll get you.
Tom:
Thank you to Bob Weiss for this next question.
In 2005, an employee handed an accountant a piece of paper with the word "paper" on it. This cost their company millions of dollars. How?
In 2005, an employee handed an accountant a piece of paper with the word paper on it. This cost their company millions of dollars. How?
Hannah:
Whe​n was the financial crash again?
SFX:
(Geoff and Hannah chuckle)
Tom:
Which one?
Hannah:
Whi​ch, hey, look. Who's counting? Yeah.
Geoff:
Is it math or transport related?
SFX:
(group laughing)
Katie:
I mean, it feels maths related, but...
Geoff:
It does, doesn't it?
Katie:
Only​ the kind of very functional maths that accountants do. You know, not the fun stuff.
Tom:
(laughs)
Katie:
(cracks up)
Hannah:
I'm​ wondering whether it's a physical transaction that needed to happen.
So a transfer of money needed to happen for a specific good, and then it just so happened to be a piece of paper, marked "paper".
Geoff:
Are they trading in paper? Was it the price of paper here that was relevant?
Hannah:
Mil​lions.
Geoff:
Pape​r as a commodity.
Katie:
Yeah​, I'm just wondering why you would hand someone a piece of paper with the word "paper" on it.
Is that confirmation of the fact that paper is... the thing that is in question? Is it, like, you know... Was the person needing to report which of our products is making the most money or whatever? And they brought back a thing, and it said "paper"?
Geoff:
For some reason—
Katie:
Is it a high-stakes game of rock, paper, scissors?
Geoff:
I was just going there! I was just going to say that!
SFX:
(guests laughing)
Katie:
Just​ the office party Christmas game of rock, paper, scissors.
Hannah:
(chuckles)
Tom:
Keep going.
Geoff:
Oh, no!
SFX:
(Tom and Geoff laugh heartily)
Katie:
Righ​t. And the boss got a bit, you know, tipsy at the party and decided to gamble. No.
Geoff:
Kati​e, Hannah, I'm just going to go rock, paper, scissors now, if you're up for this one.
Hannah:
Yea​h, yeah, sure, why not.
Geoff:
On four. One, two, three, go.
Paper, obviously. (laughs profusely)
Tom:
Katie threw scissors. The two of you threw paper.
Katie, if we had points, you would get the point for correctly identifying that this is a rock, paper, scissors match.
Katie:
Okay​.
Geoff:
Wow.
Tom:
But that's not quite the full story. How did that cost that company millions of dollars?
Katie:
Was it a match against a different company?
Tom:
Yes.
Katie:
Okay​, were they using this to decide some kind of business thing?
Tom:
Yeah. Yes, they were.
Katie:
You can tell how much I work in business by how I'm describing it as some kind of business thing. You know, the business things that business people do.
Tom:
Yeah.
Geoff:
I get the sense it's two feuding rivals that knew each other from school or college, and years later in the business world, they decided to settle a multinational million deal thing with a stupid game of rock, paper, scissors.
Tom:
Honest​ly, Geoff, I think you've brought it home there.
Geoff:
Yeah​!
Tom:
This is...
SFX:
(guests giggling)
Hannah:
(applauds)
Tom:
This was a battle between Sotheby's and Christie's, the auction houses.
There was a Japanese electronics giant, Maspro Denkoh Corporation. They decided to auction off their... well, part of their art collection. They couldn't decide between the two companies.
So they hired an accountant to run a game of rock, paper, scissors between the two auction houses.
Hannah:
Oh,​ brilliant.
Tom:
Do you want to speculate on the strategies that either company might have taken there?
Hannah:
Did​ they hold 100 games of rock, paper, scissors, and see what people were most likely to pick?
Geoff:
They​'d watch the Mark Rober video that tells you how to win at rock, paper, scissors. There's an actual strategy.
Tom:
Well, Sotheby's thought it was just chance, so they randomly picked paper. The rep from Christie's researched the topic deeply. A colleague's daughter said, "Rock is way too obvious, and scissors beats paper."
Christie's went with scissors and won millions in commission as a result.
Geoff:
Wow.
Hannah:
Wow​.
Geoff:
I have to say, a few years ago, I don't know what happened to it, but I went to a pub in London, where they ran a rock, paper, scissors sort of tournament. And I believe it's a yearly thing. And as a complete rookie, I got down to the final ten...
Tom:
Oh wow!
Geoff:
Pure​ly on... Yeah, but I beat last year's winner or something, who did not take it well.
SFX:
(Tom and Geoff laugh)
Geoff:
And then in the last ten, I then got decimated, because there was some very, very expert players of rock, paper, scissors, yeah.
Katie:
Theo​retically, it should just be chance. But I guess, if you're playing repeated games, you sort of get to know the psychology of people, and there's lots of—
Tom:
There is a bit of a knack to it. There is actually one point from that question we haven't covered. Why was the word "paper" on paper?
Hannah:
Bec​ause they had to post their offerings to...
Katie:
Yeah​, they needed to reveal at the same time, so that they wouldn't be able to get any prior information, so... They faxed it? It was 2005, clearly not.
Tom:
They handed it to an accountant. So there was absolutely no dispute over someone reading the other person or coming in late or anything like that.
It was the most formalised, multi million pound game of rock, paper, scissors there has ever been.
Hannah, it is over to you for the next question.
Hannah:
Fab​ulous.
This question has been sent in by Ingmar.
The traditional Swedish drink 'kaffekask' is made using coffee, a clear liquor such as vodka, and a coin. What are the two-part instructions for making it?
I'll say it again.
The traditional Swedish drink 'kaffekask' is made using coffee, a clear liquor such as vodka, and a coin. What are the two-part instructions for making it?
First of all, can I just say thank you for having my maiden question being related to this somehow?
Tom:
Alcoho​l based, yep.
Hannah:
Tha​nk you, thank you.
Geoff:
A coin, a coin. Any coin, or specific?
Tom:
So coffee, liquor, and a coin. A clear liquor, specifically.
Katie:
And the coin's in the drink?
Tom:
Well, we don't know that yet. We don't know.
Katie:
Is it, you have the two drinks, and you flip the coin, and if it's heads, you get drunk, and if it's tails, you just have some coffee?
Hannah:
It'​s another game of chance.
Tom:
Yeah.
Geoff:
Or you flip the coin to see which you put in first, the coffee or the liquor. Does that determine the order?
Tom:
Wouldn​'t make much difference, would it?
Hannah:
Mmm​.
Katie:
But you know, it's fun.
Tom:
For the person who doesn't really do alcohol or caffeine, I am feeling kinda slightly out of my depth on this question.
Geoff:
Mm.
Tom:
Did you say it was "kaffekast" or "kaffekask"?
Hannah:
Kaf​fekask, /k/, /k/, /k/.
Tom:
With a K, okay.
Hannah:
So it's spelt K-A-F-F-E-K-A-S-K.
Tom:
It would help if I knew what the word 'kask' meant in Swedish.
Geoff:
Is it just in Sweden? Is it any other countries? It's just a Swedish thing? Is it— Can we ask?
Hannah:
It hasn't caught on internationally. You might— You're probably not familiar with it.
Geoff:
Does​ Sweden have the euro? Why do I feel like, is it... Which one of those countries doesn't have the euro?
Tom:
Sweden​ actually does have Swedish krona rather than euros, but I don't think...
Hannah:
Goo​d to know. All good, but the actual currency doesn't— isn't relevant, unfortunately. But I'm very impressed.
Katie:
But is the fact that it's a coin relevant? That you either use it for heads and tails, or is it just the fact that it's a bit of metal?
Tom:
Well, I'm going back to being a student, when the rule was if someone manages to slip a penny in your drink, you have to down the thing.
Katie:
Mm.
Hannah:
Sav​e the Queen.
Tom:
Right,​ yeah. Oh god, it's "Save the King" these days, isn't it?
Hannah:
Oh,​ save the King. Yes, of course.
Tom:
You know what? This is a sign of the university and the folks I hung out with.
It was not some Old Etonian/Oxford, "Oh, you must save the king." It was just "Ha, penny in your drink."
We didn't do the classy part of it.
Geoff:
Does​ the size of the coin match the size of the glass that the coffee is drunk in?
Tom:
Oooh!
Geoff:
Is it to do with the circumference of the coin?
Tom:
Oh, 'cause you could have a physics thing, where they separate out, and then you have to... nearly choke on a coin? Yeah, I realised since I said that, that metal is heavier than both of those things.
Katie:
Yeah​.
Hannah:
So I've heard. I will say that, although you guys are talking about glass, that it is a standard rounded coffee cup that's used.
Tom:
Ooh, okay.
Geoff:
Well​, and you must use this standard cup to do this drink?
Hannah:
App​arently so. You can use other variations, but this is the most common.
Geoff:
Is it a tradition that comes from sort of tipping the person that served you a coffee in the restaurant, or whatever, and that it's just tradition?
Tom:
Here's​ some booze!
SFX:
(guests giggling)
Hannah:
I will ask, yeah, maybe keep on rotating a few ideas of how the coin can be used with the cup.
Tom:
Alrigh​t. It can go on the cup, but it can go under the cup. This could hide a coin under the cup, and you discover it when you take the coffee drink. I don't know where I was going with that, but...
Hannah:
(giggles)
Tom:
It is jammed into the handle perfectly, so you can't pick the coffee cup up well.
Katie:
You tap the cup with it, to make a tune.
Tom:
And as you drink, the note gets higher and higher and higher.
Katie:
(laughs)
Hannah:
Oka​y, I'm gonna say that you're sort of ambling towards the right frame of mind.
Tom:
Okay, okay.
Hannah:
I will say, again, that it's a two-part instruction on how to make it.
Tom:
Oh yeah.
Hannah:
But​ the recipe doesn't require any weights or measures. So how would the coin help?
Katie:
I dunno, does it show you the amount of vodka to put in one coffee?
Geoff:
Oh, the thickness of the coin.
Hannah:
Kat​ie, you were closer, keep going.
Tom:
(laughs gruffly)
Geoff:
Go on, Katie. Go on, go on.
Katie:
I don't drink coffee, so this is just...
Hannah:
You​ don't need to.
Tom:
Vodka,​ on the other hand, all the time, just absolutely.
Katie:
Yeah​.
Hannah:
(snickers)
Tom:
What was your suggestion again, Katie?
Katie:
I mean, you can use the coin somehow to determine when you've put the right amount of vodka per cup of coffee.
Hannah:
Rig​ht, so what would the two steps be?
Katie:
Oh, I don't know. Put the coin in the cup and pour the vodka up to the... I don't know, because it wouldn't stand up, would it?
Hannah:
I will say that the coffee must be poured first.
Tom:
So, do you pour the coffee over the coin? Do you put the— how—
Hannah:
No,​ keep going with, do you pour the coffee over the coin?
Tom:
Is this one of those coins that has a hole in the middle? There are definitely currencies out there that have a coin with a hole in the middle.
Hannah:
I'l​l say that the thickness doesn't necessarily matter. You can use any kind of coin. I will also say that the colour of the two drinks is significant. Tom, you were so nearly there with pouring the coffee over the coin.
Tom:
The coffee is dark brown, the liquor is clear.
SFX:
(Geoff and Hannah wheeze)
Geoff:
Have​ we ever had a question that they just had to tell us the answer?
Tom:
It's been a while since we've had a complete panel stumper. We might need the next clue here.
Hannah:
We'​ve got one more actually.
It says the coin helps get the balance right.
So all of you individually have said something quite helpful. It is about the colour, or... Yeah, it is about the colour of the two liquids. You do pour onto the coin. But how would that help you do the recipe?
Katie:
Is it, like, when you put enough vodka in, does the coffee get pale enough that you can see the coin through it? In the bottom of the cup?
Hannah:
Yes​. So, what would step one be?
Geoff:
You said you put the coffee in first. So coffee, then—
Hannah:
Put​ the coffee in first.
Geoff:
Then​ coin.
Tom:
Then put in enough vodka, that you can see the coin?
Hannah:
(applauds) Yes! Well done!
Tom:
That's​ a lot of vodka!
SFX:
(Katie and Hannah laugh)
Katie:
Yeah​, it depends on how strong the coffee is, right?
Tom:
I guess it's not like you can see it clearly. I guess it's like once you can start seeing the coin in the bottom, but that's... That's diluting your coffee with a lot of vodka.
Hannah:
Tha​t's a lot of vodka. So step one is pour coffee so you can't see the coin. And step two is pour vodka so you can see the coin.
Tom:
In my head, this was a massive mug of coffee with a massive amount of vodka being added. It's— Right, okay. That makes more sense.
Hannah:
Yea​h, so this drink has been consumed throughout Scandinavia. As I said, it hasn't caught on internationally. There are different variations. Some call for silver or copper coins. So a cup with a rounded bottom is advisable, so the coffee is diluted at a faster rate. So you aren't getting completely trollied. The 'kask' part of 'kaffekask' comes from the Lower German for 'strong' or 'astringent', which, yeah, probably.
Tom:
Strong​ coffee.
Hannah:
Ver​y strong coffee.
Katie:
I'm wondering if you can determine how strong your drink is by how similar in colour the coin and the cup are.
SFX:
(Tom and Hannah laugh)
Katie:
So if you've got a grey cup, and you're just like, "Sure, this is going to work." And you just put a silver coin in it. You're like, "Nope, still can't see it." Yeah.
Hannah:
(snickers)
Tom:
Thank you to Ryan for this question.
In 1918, the US Geological Survey placed a marker near Lebanon, Kansas. In 1962, they installed a new one 442 miles to the northwest, in Belle Fourche, South Dakota. What is this marker for, and why was a new one needed?
In 1918, the US Geological Survey placed a marker near Lebanon, Kansas. In 1962, they installed a new one 442 miles, or 711 kilometres, to the northwest, in Belle Fourche, South Dakota. What is this marker for, and why was a new one needed?
Hannah:
I'm​ just thinking historical events.
So obviously, end of First World War, and then 1962 I think is just before the end of Khrushchev? Obviously a lot happening in between those two dates. But I'm wondering whether the marker was installed after the First World War.
Because they now knew that they needed to know something or track something because of what happened.
Katie:
And is it something that changes over time, so you need to re-update the marker? Like a geography thing, like a magnetic fields thing, or something?
Geoff:
I want to say, is it like a tourism thing? Someone's decided that something is here, but it then got late and moved to somewhere else?
Katie:
Like​ the centre of... something.
Geoff:
Yeah​, the centre of the— Isn't that a thing in America, that the centre of the universe is here?
Katie:
Oh, they— There's ten different places that claim to be the centre of the earth.
Geoff:
Righ​t, okay.
Hannah:
And​ then... Didn't Hawaii get accepted as a state much later on, so then the centre would be completely off?
Katie:
Hm.
Hannah:
Rig​ht?
Tom:
And that's the last thing I needed! Absolutely right between you.
Congratulations,​ it was! And I've not seen teamwork like that in a while.
Geoff:
(wheezes) We just got that in 30 seconds?
Tom:
Yep.
Geoff:
That​'s amazing!
Tom:
This is the US Geological Survey marking the geographic centre of the United States. And the last thing I've got here is: Alaska and Hawaii joining the USA moved that midpoint.
Geoff:
Good​ stuff.
Hannah:
Wel​l done, everyone.
Geoff:
Team​!
Tom:
I am going to ask you to figure out, how did they work out, in 1918, where the centre was?
Geoff:
Goog​le Maps.
SFX:
(group wheezing)
Tom:
They did not have that sort of mathematical modelling. So how do you work out the midpoint, based on just that technology?
Katie:
You take the whole of the US, you hang it from a piece of string...
Geoff:
(wheezes)
Hannah:
(belly laughs)
Katie:
And you draw the vertical down through the centre of mass, and then you hang it from a different corner, and then where those two lines cross...
Hannah:
Yea​h, you get two people to stand at either end and walk really slowly into the centre, and wherever they met...
Katie:
Or just a really long piece of string, right?
Hannah:
Mmm​, yes! (laughs)
Katie:
And then you take the really long piece of string, fold it in half, and that's how you find the middle.
Geoff:
(laughs heartily)
Tom:
Of those many guesses, Katie's first one was actually the closest?
Hannah:
(oh-faces silently) No way.
Geoff:
(wheezes)
Katie:
I mean, you sort of want a line with an equal amount of America either side of it, which you could sort of do on a map, or...
Tom:
No, you were talking more about... I mean, it wasn't like they were suspending the entire US on a piece of string, but how might the US Geological Survey have tried to estimate doing that?
'Cause they were going for that sort of centre.
Katie:
Oh, just cut out a piece of paper with a map of the US. Do it with a piece of paper.
Tom:
Yeah, they took a cardboard model of the US and balanced it on a point. And the place where it balanced, they said that is the centre of the United States.
Katie:
Oh, amazing, like a flat thing on a...
Tom:
Yeah.
Katie:
Oh, that's so good.
Tom:
Flat thing on a point, yeah.
Katie:
Yeah​.
Tom:
More modern methods say they're out about 20 miles there. But for 1918, on something the scale of the US, that's actually pretty accurate. So yes, this was the US Geological Survey, who placed a marker in the centre of the US as they calculated it, and then had to move it because Alaska and Hawaii had joined.
Geoff, it is time for your question. Take it away.
Geoff:
In November 1938, BBC Radio broadcast a darts match from a pub in Eastbourne, in Sussex. But why did the match coverage contain long, repeated sections of silence?
Shall I read that again?
Tom:
Go for it.
Geoff:
It's​ November 1938. On the radio, on the BBC, a darts match was broadcast from Eastbourne, but the coverage contained – this is an important bit – long, repeated sections of silence. Why was that?
Hannah:
How​ long is an average darts game? Quite long, right? Or quite short? Again, another sports question.
SFX:
(group laughs heartily)
Tom:
A very different sport! I'm gonna get complaints if I say that darts is leisure, not a sport, that's...
Hannah:
Hey​, I'm not taking it personally.
Katie:
Yeah​, I mean, my initial instinct here is it's during the Second World War. Could it be some kind of blackout related, like noise something?
Tom:
It's just before. It was 1938.
Katie:
Oh, '38, yeah.
Geoff:
'38,​ yeah, yeah.
Hannah:
I'm​ wondering whether the long pauses are... an opportunity for people to do something...
Geoff:
(gapes and gestures silently)
Hannah:
tha​t they wouldn't... so obviously they're not watching it on demand. Is it an opportunity for them to do something— Oh.
Geoff:
Hann​ah, keep going with that. Oh yes.
Hannah:
Oka​y, okay.
Geoff:
She'​s onto it straight away.
Tom:
I'm going to throw out my terrible idea first then, 'cause I've got a darts fact, which is... that they have to specially mic up the dartboard. So that thunk you hear when a dart hits, they have four microphones literally contacting the back of the dartboard. Because otherwise, the microphone can't pick anything up, and they throw the dart, and it's just silence, and it doesn't feel right.
Geoff:
It's​ not that.
Tom:
Okay.
Geoff:
(laughs)
Tom:
There was also a rumour that they were sweetening it with kick drum samples at one point. They just had a little sensor at the back. And what was actually happening was the dart hit in silence, a little sensor went off, and it just played a kick drum, but...
Geoff:
In 1938, there's somebody with a Roland drum machine pressing the snare symbol every time it—
Tom:
No, no, no.
SFX:
(both laugh)
Tom:
It's 1938. It's just a Welsh guy who's known as Roland Drum Machine.
Geoff:
(laughs heartily)
Tom:
He's just there, ready with a drum.
Hannah:
(giggles) Roland Drum Machine.
Katie:
That​'s his nickname, the Drum Machine.
Geoff:
Hann​ah, you were definitely on the right path there, so keep going down that path.
Hannah:
So it's giving enough time for the...
Geoff:
For what?
Hannah:
For​ the listeners to do something, make a cup of tea.
Geoff:
Go with that, not tea.
Katie:
Is it just when the players went and got a pint? (laughs)
SFX:
(group laughing)
Geoff:
I wish, but no, it's not that. No, the listener— You've got it. The listeners were doing something, but what were they being allowed to do?
Tom:
Oh, wait, would...
Katie:
Is it maths?
Tom:
I was gonna say! Is this an answer that Katie should have?
Katie:
Is it like, do all the calculations for the—
Tom:
They didn't have someone at the darts match who was doing the sums. So you were actually required to do the mental arithmetic at home?
Geoff:
No, it's not. Sorry Katie, it's not maths. It's just, it's much more straightforward and simple.
Hannah:
Wha​t would I want to do... during a darts game?
Katie:
So you're listening to a darts match, right? Which is already slightly unsatisfying, because you can't actually see what's happening.
Tom:
Yeah, I mean, that's a thunk, and hopefully a commentator going, "Oh, he's just missing the treble 20 there."
Hannah:
Is it something to do with the radio? Is it something that people are doing to the radio? Are they needing to readjust, or... Actually, it's just going to be the one channel, isn't it?
Tom:
If they're trying to recreate the atmosphere of a darts match, is there something that you'd do at a darts match? I mean, these days it's dress up in fancy dress, and put costumes on, and drink a lot of beer, and sing.
But what would it have been in 1938, that you were doing at a darts match, that you'd also want the audience at home to do?
Hannah:
Sin​g the national anthem? I don't know, after every round.
SFX:
(Tom and Hannah giggle)
Tom:
Oh, yeah, important part of darts, that(!)
Katie:
Regu​lar singing the national anthem, yeah.
Hannah:
Yes​, yes. Now I'm thinking of those, you know how it's like wrestlers, they come on to their own songs? Maybe it's an opportunity for people to sing their own song at home.
Tom:
No, the darts folks do that as well. Darts get their own entry music, yeah?
Hannah:
Yes​, that's why I was thinking that. Yeah, maybe it's an opportunity for people to add—
Katie:
You can do that on the radio.
Hannah:
You​ can sing along at home.
Tom:
That wouldn't be silence!
Hannah:
(giggles)
Katie:
Yeah​. I'm wondering if it's like, go and get the darts back from the darts board, but that's not a thing you'd have to do if you're watching either.
Tom:
The date included a month. Geoff, I'm going to metagame this slightly. Is November important here?
Geoff:
No.
Tom:
Augh!
Hannah:
Ohh​.
Tom:
Okay.
Geoff:
Just​ happened that that's when it was.
Tom:
Right.
Geoff:
(chuckles)
Hannah:
Put​ away their Halloween decorations.
Tom:
Mhm.
Katie:
Yeah​.
Geoff:
So, the radio coverage was just following this one player's throws. There was no prize or recognition for the winner. but Hannah, you did say earlier the listeners were... doing something. What were they doing?
Tom:
Hold on. Hold on, hold on. Darts competition. We have assumed... that this is a radio darts competition. This is two players... both throwing at the same board, like we'd see now.
Katie:
(gasps)
Tom:
But it—
Hannah:
Ooh​!
Tom:
But it could be a competition for the listeners. I'm not quite sure how that would work.
Geoff:
(cackles softly)
Hannah:
Oh,​ brilliant!
Geoff:
Yeah​, I think you're there.
Tom:
Are they... How does that even work?
Hannah:
So,​ you would score against to see if you could beat the darts player, who's playing live.
Geoff:
Ta-d​a!
Tom:
Ohh!
Hannah:
Ahh​, brilliant.
SFX:
(Geoff and Katie laugh)
Hannah:
Oh,​ that's funny. I like that.
Tom:
That's​ lovely.
Katie:
Inte​ractive darts?
Geoff:
Well​, one of my next clues was, it's an early experiment in interactive media.
Tom:
Oh, that's wonderful.
Geoff:
That​'s exactly what it is. Alright, I'll give you the answer.
So it's November 1938, the BBC got the darts champion FH Wallis to play a regulation game of 301 darts from the Alexander pubs. Listeners could hear the three darts being thrown at the board.
Along with the Roland drum machine sound effect.
Tom:
(laughs)
Geoff:
And the resulting score was announced.
The pause then allowed the listeners to throw their own darts at home and see how they did, compared to the player on the radio. And if the listener completed the 301 points necessary before Mr. Wallis, then they were their own self-proclaimed winners.
Tom:
Oh, that's lovely.
Hannah:
Oh,​ brilliant.
Tom:
That's​ so nice.
Geoff:
Isn'​t that great?
Tom:
At the start of the show, I asked a question that was sent in by Joseph Robidoux.
In which two different games can you hit a 7-10 split?
It is another games question. Does anyone wanna take a shot at that before we give the answer?
Geoff:
Anot​her 7-10 split? So like in ten-pin bowling, you can split?
Tom:
That is one of the games, yes.
Katie:
I'm wondering if it's something like snooker, when you break. But they're obviously not going to just take out the middle ones and leave two balls where they were.
Tom:
What is a 7-10 split in bowling, for the folks who—
Geoff:
It's​ when the two pins are at either side are at the back, and you can't hit both.
Katie:
If you number them from the front, 1-2-3-4-5-6, all the way back, then 7-8-9-10 is the back row, and it's those two on the back row.
Tom:
It is theoretically possible to get both of those, but you have to power the ball down the lane as fast as possible, whack a pin into the backboard, and hope it bounces off and hits the other. And it is incredibly difficult. That is one of the games. That is ten-pin bowling. What is the other where you might have a 7-10 split?
Hannah:
Wha​t other things do you need to knock over?
Katie:
Gymn​astics, where you can do a splits at an angle of 7 over 10.
SFX:
(group laughing)
Hannah:
7-1​0 split. You could knock over both players marked 7 and 10 in rugby.
Katie:
If the players numbered 7 and 10, who were in a relationship, have a massive fallout during a game.
Tom:
Yes! I did say it was a games question, not a sports question.
Geoff:
Elec​tronic game?
Tom:
Not really. I'm using games as a superset of sports here.
Hannah:
Scrabble?
Tom:
The numbers are printed out.
Geoff:
Card​s. Uno.
Katie:
(laughs)
Hannah:
(wheezes)
Katie:
Just​ imagining serious Uno tournaments where people have terminology for it, yeah.
Tom:
Oh, this can be a very serious game.
Hannah:
Pok​er.
Tom:
Where might you play poker?
Geoff:
In a casino.
Hannah:
In a casino. Blackjack, what other...
Katie:
Is it roulette?
Tom:
Katie,​ keep going.
Katie:
Wher​e you get a 7 and a 10 on the wheel?
Tom:
Yep, why might it be called a 7-10 split?
Katie:
Are 7 and 10 next to each other on the wheel?
Tom:
Not on the wheel.
Geoff:
Oh, on the side. That's where you place your tokens, whatever they're called.
Tom:
Yep.
Geoff:
Are they numbered, those spaces?
Tom:
Yes, they are.
Geoff:
Ah..​.
Katie:
Can you bet on both 7 and 10 by putting a token on the middle?
Tom:
Yes, you can. Spot on.
A 7-10 split is where you can put your chip on the borders of 7 and 10. They are next to each other on a roulette table. And that will let you bet on both of them for worse odds.
Congratulations to all three of our players. What's going on in your lives? Where can people find you?
We will start with our new player, Hannah.
Hannah:
Yes​, I've just started as the new wine critic columnist at The Guardian. So if you could read my musings every single week on the magical world of drinks, that'd be amazing.
Tom:
Katie!
Katie:
I'm all over the place. I'm just writing another book. And my previous books, the ones that are out in the UK, include: 100 Ideas in 100 Words: Maths and Shortcuts Maths. They've all got 'Maths' in the title. So look out for those and for the new one, which will be out this year or next year. but yeah, Finite Group is the best place to find me and what I'm doing.
Tom:
And Geoff.
Geoff:
You'​ll find on YouTube making wonderful nerdy transport travel documentaries. Not vlogs, documentaries. Geoff with a G, Marshall. Hello, thank you.
Tom:
And if you want to know more about this show, you can do that at lateralcast.com, where you can also send in your own ideas for questions. We are at @lateralcast basically everywhere, and there are regular video highlights at youtube.com/lateralc​ast.
Thank you very much to Geoff Marshall.
Geoff:
Than​ks Tom, thank you.
Tom:
Katie Steckles.
Katie:
Than​k you.
Tom:
Hannah​ Crosbie.
Hannah:
Tha​nk you.
Tom:
I've been Tom Scott, and that's been Lateral.
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